the Diabetes of the second type - the phenomenon got. It is necessary to adhere to what rules, that it not to catch?

On questions of readers the doctor-endokrinolog of the highest category of Maksimilianovsky hospital of of St.-Petersburg Irina Vasilevna Dolzhikova responds.

"At my mum recently have found out a diabetes. Whether it means, what it will develop and at me?" Victoria Eremina, St.-Petersburg

- In development of a diabetes great value plays a heredity. It is considered, it is what is it actual for the first type. But, as it was found out more recently, the diabetes of the second type too has genetic predisposition. And if of a diabetes mother, at children risk of development of illness in 2-3 times above than if it the father suffers is sick. With what it is connected while to tell difficultly. But the fact remains the fact - diabetes transfer goes mainly through women.

Besides a heredity there is one more factor which promotes illness development is an excess weight. And he plays much more powerful role, than genetics. Not without reason the diabetes of the second type has been named "by a diabetes corpulent". Communication of this illness and an overeating has been established in post-war years. Then in Germany which inhabitants ate by cards, frequency of this disease has decreased in 4,5 times. After these results into diabetes treatment to be entered began actively dietoterapija.

Besides an overeating on a metabolism status the inactive way of life is perniciously reflected. The hours, which people spend sitting at the wheel the car or behind the computer, affect not only their figure, but also on a number of biochemical processes. Therefore the most good preventive maintenance of a diabetes - playing sports and diet observance. They can save the person from illness even in the presence of hereditary predisposition.

" I wait for the child and consequently recently have visited at genetics. He has asked me on all illnesses with which my relatives suffered. Having learnt, that at parents a diabetes, the doctor has advised to adhere to a diet. Tell, please, about it more in detail".irina Vardonjan, Krasnoyarsk

- If is predisposition to a diabetes of the second type, it is necessary to observe some rules. First, it is necessary to watch the weight: in no event it is impossible to grow stout strongly. The sharp increase in weight of a body is the major factor provoking increase of level of sugar of blood.

Secondly, it is necessary to adhere to a diet. First of all it is necessary to limit consumption of difficult carbohydrates. They are contained by various rolls, pljushki, doughnuts, pies and cakes. They not only fatally influence a metabolism, but also overload an organism with "useless" calories which turn to fats and are postponed in hypodermic kletchatke. And it just needs to be avoided in every way.

Also it is good to reduce consumption of fats of an animal origin to a minimum: smoked sausage, fat, butter, fat meat. The minimum percent of fat content should be at milk, sour cream and cottage cheese. Last, by the way, can be and absolutely degreased. It is necessary to refuse processed cheeses absolutely - buy firm cheeses of low-fat grades.

every day it is useful to eat not less than 300 grammes of fresh vegetables and fruit. It can be oranges, apples, carrots, a beet - everything to what lays smothering. And here belokochannuju cabbage - it is pleasant it is not pleasant - it is necessary to eat by all means. It possesses perfect saharosnizhajushchimi properties and normalises a metabolism.

Even for diabetes preventive maintenance it is possible to recommend a bilberry. It is not obligatory to eat it in a fresh kind, preparations, but not jam approach also. It is better, if it is parenaja a berry which cooks without sugar on a water bath. Such way of preparation allows to save the most part of useful substances.

"I some times handed over blood on sugar, and the doctor has told, that at me a prediabetes. This disease is how much dangerous? Also what to me to do?" Lyudmila Jareeva, Stavropol

- Sometimes during inspections is found out the raised level of sugar in blood. But this indicator is high not so to diagnose a diabetes. But also norm such status too to name it is impossible. Therefore the term "tolerance infringement to glucose" has been entered. Annually 10-12 % of people at which the given pathology has been revealed, fall ill with a diabetes. That it has not occurred, it is necessary to watch itself very strictly.

First if there is an excess weight, from it it is necessary to get rid. Secondly, it is necessary to keep to a diet and thirdly - to go in for sports. Recently there were data that it is possible to apply preparations to diabetes preventive maintenance on a basis akarbozy. But it is possible to do it only on doctor`s orders and after all necessary researches will be carried out.

First, because loading helps to be with a tone and to watch a figure. And secondly, because muscular activity reduces and stabilises level of glucose of blood. Therefore it is necessary to be engaged in sports every day. For these purposes swimming which gives loading practically to all groups of muscles fine approaches. Aerobics, pilates and other versions of fitness well operates. And, certainly, it is impossible to forget about game kinds of sports - volleyball, basketball, tennis or badminton.

it is final, daily visiting of a sports hall is presumed very much by the few. From physical activities it is possible to devote days of rest to simple walking: to walk 2-2,5 hours are necessary. It too very good training which by the efficiency does not concede to sports employment.

"Recently I have read on an Internet site, that if the person eats a lot of meat at it the diabetes develops. How much it corresponds to the validity?" Inna Vishnevskaya, Perm

- From time to time scientists make statements for the unique opening. They publish results of researches and act on the congresses. All scientific researches begin with it. But they demand repeated checks to turn on themselves a close attention from the medical public. Affairs and with a diabetes in the same way are.

recently American scientists have declared, that regular consumption of meat raises risk of development of a diabetes of the second type. This statement has been made on the basis of numerous experiences. But the given fact yet does not mean, that the indisputable truth is opened, and that all of us should limit meat consumption sharply.

the Statement and remains the statement, it behind itself has not entailed till now any practical conclusions. At present any doctor will not order vegetarianism to save in hope the patien t from a diabetes.

precisely same situation develops and from coffee. The Finnish researchers have more recently declared, that coffee consumption can save the person from a diabetes. Daily consumption of seven cups of coffee considerably reduces risk of disease. But this statement concerns only a drink containing caffeine, without it any preventive maintenance to achieve it is impossible, that has been confirmed by practical consideration.

And besides here there is a theory and practice problem. Any doctor will not recommend to the patient huge doses of strong coffee only that the diabetes has not developed. It, maybe, also will not be, but diseases of a liver, heart and nerves are simply guaranteed. So opening of Finns represents only theoretical interest, it has no applied value.

It is interesting

Considering, that adiposity provokes development of a diabetes of the second type, there is nothing surprising that in the countries of "the third world" this illness is considered almost exotic. And here in economically developed states the diabetes is a problem of national scale. The considerable quantity sick of a diabetes is revealed in the USA: now in this country lives 18 million the persons, suffering this disease. But also other "progressive" states nenamnogo have lagged behind the leader. Scientists assume, that in the world now lives more than 70 million "vtorotipnyh diabetics". And each 15 years this figure will double. Therefore physicians within last decades sound alarm, speaking about "diabetic epidemic".

Karina FROLOV