the Activator - the virus of a hepatitis And - is steady in an environment and at a room temperature it can be saved within several weeks. At kipjachenii it perishes within five minutes. An infection source is the carrier, or the sick person with the expressed clinical displays or with erased bezzheltushnoj the illness form. Having caught, the person himself very quickly (already in the incubatory period) becomes an infection source. The virus of a hepatitis And is allocated in an environment with excrements. Infection occurs more often in household conditions at virus hit through a mouth - by means of such factors of transfer, as the polluted hands, the infected water and food, household goods.

Only approximately in 5 % of cases the virus is passed through blood, usually - through syringes and needles of addicts, is more rare - with poured blood and through surgical tools. With a hepatitis And people of all age, but more often children are ill is more senior one year and adults till 30 years. Children till one year and people are more senior 30 years usually are less sensitive to infection with a virus as the first receive antibodies from mother, and the second develop antibodies during a life. Disease of a hepatitis And is registered within all year with lifting in aestivo-autumnal months. After infection the virus gets from intestines into blood and further - in a liver. Having bred in a liver, it gets again with bile to intestines, and then with excrements - in an environment. Defeat of cages of a liver (gepatotsitov) is caused not by action of the virus, and reciprocal immune reaction of an organism which appears pernicious for infected with a virus gepatotsitov. The incubatory period averages 14-28 days, and prodromalnyj ( preicteric ) the period - 5-7 days. For the preicteric period the headache, appetite fall, a nausea and feeling of discomfort in podlozhechnoj areas are characteristic the sharp beginning with rise in temperature of a body to 38-40°C within 1-3 days, kataralnye the phenomena. The main clinical symptoms the icteric period are: first of all the jaundice (first of all icteric colouring get an oral cavity mucous membrane - a bridle of language and the firm sky, and also sklery, further - a skin), thus, as a rule, yellowness degree corresponds to weight of illness; increase and morbidity of a liver at pressing on it; change of colouring of the urine getting colour of beer or tea; decolouration kala. There are also asymptomatic forms of disease when the person does not have obvious occasion to address to the doctor, but in the meantime it can be infectious for other people. For this reason in the illness centres survey all those who was in touch with the patient. At biochemical inspection in blood find out increase of activity of endocellular hepatic enzymes and increase in level of the connected bilirubin, leaving in blood owing to destruction of hepatic cages. The described clinical and biochemical signs of a hepatitis And are to some extent marked and at defeat of a liver by viruses of hepatitises In, With, D, E, G. To make the exact diagnosis of a hepatitis And allows special immunohimichesky a method (a method immunofermentnogo the analysis) with which help precisely and quickly in whey of blood of the patient allocate an antigene of a virus of a hepatitis And or antibodies to it (class IgM - witnesses recent infitsirovanija or class IgG, appearing later - in the recover period). Modern diagnostics of a hepatitis And allows to begin more likely treatment and by that to warn complications, and also to begin observance of rules protivoepidemicheskogo a mode, not to infect associates. An outcome of a hepatitis And usually favorable. There is a full recover more often. The transferred disease leaves proof immunity. However at separate people with genetic predisposition develops powerful autoimmunnyj the answer against gepatotsitov which consequence is the chronic active hepatitis. Medical actions at a hepatitis And are in most cases limited to purpose of the confinement to bed, a sparing diet with reduction of quantity of fats and additional reception of carbohydrates (a table № 5) and symptomatic means. As infection with a hepatitis And occurs through a mouth, the main role in preventive maintenance is played by observance of the general hygienic rules. It is necessary to wash hands before all food intakes, to drink only boiled water, carefully to wash vegetables, fruit and berries, to use individual tablewares and ware. For the people living in territories with high disease by this infection, it is reasonable to spend vaccinal prevention. Exist inaktivirovannye monovaccines against a hepatitis And and divaktsina against a hepatitis And and V