| there is no easy and pleasant way to leave from narcotic dependence. What prevents to "fasten" with drugs? Narcotic dependence is so strong, that is considered to be: the former addicts do not happen. In medicine there is no term «the recovered addict», there is only «an inactive addict», i.e. not using drug now. The person who has refused drugs, all life will be «the inactive addict». Than drugs "cling" the victims? Such "zatsepok" two - physical and mental dependence. Physical leads to development in the addict abstinentnogo a syndrome ("lomka", a cancellation syndrome) within days after the termination of the use of a drug. The admission of reception of the next dose leads to heavy sufferings. These are pains in muscles and joints, an intolerable fever, cold sweat, pains in a stomach with a repeated diarrhoeia, a nausea and the vomiting, an incessant cold, the hardest depression, a sleeplessness. « Lomka »can force to commit suicide the addict. That is why it is ready to go on any crimes for the sake of next"dose". Mental dependence is the most easier for describing so: the addict simply feels to a love drug; he all time thinks of a subject of the passion; constantly expects a meeting with it; rejoices, if this meeting just about takes place; grieves and is nervous, if it is postponed; it is ready on everything constantly to be near to drugs. Mental dependence - result of repeatedly gone through narcotic high that is the main difficulty of treatment. After all to help to go through"lomku"(result of physical dependence) the modern medicine is capable. To get rid of mental dependence it is practically impossible. It forces more than 90 % of the addicts who have received medical treatment, again to return to drugs. Besides passage time through "lomku" is possible perelezhat in clinic, and "love" to a drug remains in the person for all life, only gradually dying away in the course of time. Thus, the unique way to recover from a narcotism - to replace "love" to a drug with love to a life. And it it is impossible to be treated without sincere desire of the addict. Main principles of treatment of the addict - voluntariness, individuality, integrated approach and refusal of the use of drugs. The narcotism kind, duration of the use of drugs, a disease stage, presence or absence of complications matters also. But without the firm and realised installation on treatment all diligence of doctors will be vain. As it is not necessary to try to finish drugs • Is useless to replace a drug with alcohol. • it is not necessary to try to "jump off" from one drug by means of another. • attempts to get rid of narcotic dependence are unsuccessful, reducing "dose". Treatment of physical dependence Traditional therapy in the conditions of a narcological hospital Narcological hospitals exist in all regional and many regional centres. All of them are closed, and the patient who has preliminary agreed to treatment, can leave such establishment only under the permission of the attending physician. In narcology the wide arsenal of the means weakening "lomku" is applied: tranquilizers (remove stress, fear), soothing, sleeping medicines, nejroleptiki (antipsychotic), energizers, nootropnye means (improve brain job), vitamins, etc. antagonists opiatov (nalokson and naltrekson Are used also). Except medicinal therapy in narcological hospitals in addition apply physiotherapeutic methods: an electrodream, anode galvanising of a liver, transcerebral elektroforez various preparations, water procedures, physical culture. Treatment prominent aspect is restoration of the broken functions of a brain and development at the patient of real understanding of the illness. However there are also the but: isolation from a drug in a narcological hospital quite often appears conditional (at desire the drug can be bought and there), the most part of applied preparations negatively operates on a liver which functions at sick of a narcotism and so are fairly broken, "individuality" of approaches to treatment happens rather formal. And still it is a real and accessible way of treatment of a narcotism. ekstrakorporalnaja dezintoksikatsija This group of procedures switches on gemosorbtsiju, likvorosorbtsiju and plazmaferez which problem - as soon as possible to remove drugs circulating in blood and products of their transformation and disintegration. At gemosorbtsii the blood taken from the patient pass through a sorbent in which there are harmful substances. Similar procedure can be done and with likvorom (a spinal liquid), containing the same toxic substances, as blood. Cleared of toxins blood or a spinal liquid pour to the patient. At plazmafereze toxins delete together with plasma, and blood cells return in an organism, having replaced plasma a sterile physiological solution. All these procedures are carried out only in clinic. The method is rather effective at treatment of patients in the late stage of disease accompanied by hepatic insufficiency, septic statuses. In case of overdose decrease in level of a drug in blood by means of "clarification" rescues a life of the patient. ekstrakorporalnaja dezintoksikatsija it can be used as an independent method or to anticipate any other course of treatment. Treatment of mental dependence (psychotherapeutic methods) to Convince the person to finish a narcotism during the period "lomki" it is useless. Psychotherapeutic methods are applied after removal of sharp displays abstinentnogo a syndrome, and in an ideal are used and later, warning illness relapse. The patients who have got rid of physical dependence, address again to drugs not because it is demanded by an organism. It is demanded by a brain in which mental dependence "sits". The psychotherapy will not relieve the person completely of mental dependence, but can learn to live it a high-grade life together with it. On arms experts in narcology have variety of such techniques: rational psychotherapy (the reference to mind of the patient), suggestive psychotherapy (suggestion both in an awake status, and in hypnotic), group psychotherapy (a society of anonymous addicts), autogennaja a relaxation (an auto-suggestion method), psychotherapy creativity, game psychotherapy. The reference to the God, family and society support concern psychotherapeutic methods also. Frequent relapses testify to low efficiency of psychotherapeutic methods. However the psychotherapy is a necessary and obligatory component of treatment of narcotic dependence. Rational psychotherapy a method Essence - logic belief narcodependent in necessity to stop drug reception: truth disclosing about drugs, explanatory conversations, viewings and discussions of documentary films about a problem. This method for beginning addicts, teenagers is more effective. "Coding" the Method is directed on suggestion of necessity and possibility of refusal of a drug. It is spent more often under hypnosis and is full analogy of "coding" from drunkenness. « Coded »the patient does not use a drug in connection with presence of an internal interdiction at level of an instinct of self-preservation."pokajfovat"the fear of death is opposed desire. It is possible to carry economy of time and radicalism of a method though before technique application it is necessary to overcome physical dependence to advantages of"coding". But the method has also lacks. First, it is impossible to be coded at once from all drugs. Secondly, the doctor not always manages to code the patient for desirable time. Thirdly, not all give in to this method of influence. The program of" 12 steps »the method Purpose - to learn to live the sober. In parallel can be used: kineziogennaja therapy (influence by means of special psychophysical exercises on the"pleasure"centres in a brain), food additives, extracts of grasses and medical teas. (Sugarless) diet and a stimulating mode are developed for patients special nizkoglikemicheskaja. The group and individual psychotherapy, work therapy practise. «Anonymous addicts» «Anonymous addicts» is a noncommercial community lju
dej for which drugs became a serious problem. The only stipulation for the introduction into community is the desire to stop to use drugs. «Anonymous addicts» are ready to give free psychological support to everyone, but they do not render the medical, social or financial help. The organisation is created and works thanking «recovering addicts», which regularly meet to help to abstain each other from the use of drugs. In many cases addicts can is better understand each other. | | N.Homitsky the Source: magazine "Quality of a life. Preventive maintenance." ¹ February, 2nd 2004 www.profilaktika.ru | |
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